REFERENCES

REFERENCES:


http://delta-ilmu.blogspot.my/2010/02/rumah-panjang-iban-sarawak.html

https://books.google.com.my/books?id=K3-IBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=uma+belun+longhouse&source=bl&ots=Cc1S2XCSWg&sig=id_Px8dBA5Zq6sQfkKmW214nsfM&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=uma%20belun%20longhouse&f=false

http://agc-blog.agc.gov.my/agc-blog/?p=236

http://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/uma-belor-leo-dian-kayan-longhouse-sg-asap/

http://seeyousoon.ca/annah-rais-longhouse-sarawak/

https://hornbillunleashed.wordpress.com/tag/ncr/page/2/

https://www.google.com/search?q=rumah+panjang&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=667&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl0OKJgOzOAhVJto8KHUt8B6MQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=_

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=realiti+jalan+ke+rumah+panjang+di+sarawak

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz92IsPovEU

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=berkunjung+ke+rumah+panjang

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FwpYx64eNc

http://repository.uksw.edu/bitstream/123456789/2543/1/T1_152008028_Judul.pdf

http://www.bomba.gov.my/index.php/pages/view/2977

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgrtVLBXkIU

http://www.utusansarawakonline.com/news/31753/17-rumah-panjang-musnah-dalam-kebakaran-pada-2015/

https://www.facebook.com/Balai-Bomba-dan-Penyelamat-Mukah-450919761770680/photos/?tab=album&album_id=469127589949897

http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/05/08/peluncur-antarabangsa-kagumi-keindahan-rumah-panjang/

http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/05/31/kekalkan-ciri-rumah-panjang-asal/

http://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/nasional/item/25155-rumah-panjang-teraja-terima-kunjungan

http://www.sarawakiana.net/2016/03/rumah-panjang-contoh-konsep-muafakat.html

http://sayabudakiban.blogspot.my/2013/07/keindahan-dalaman-dan-luaran-rumah.html

https://sites.google.com/site/arkideajakarta1/tips/tips-teori-perancangan/asd

http://www.minhousing.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?lang=bm&mod=news&sub=news_view&menu_id=&sub_id=145&nid=53&m=&y=

http://setda.sanggau.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=126:rumah-panjang-kopar-parindu-kebanggaan-masyarakat-adat-dayak&catid=26:kecamatan-parindu&Itemid=77

https://succesary.wordpress.com/2008/11/12/masyarakat-dayak/

https://mochamadrizal19.wordpress.com/kebudayaan-suku-dayak/

https://anuurfaaizah.wordpress.com/tradisi-kebiasaan-suku-dayak/

http://pusakapusaka.com/adat-istiadat-suku-dayak.html

http://nettik.net/fakta-suku-dayak-kalimantan/

http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/06/11/gramong-ceriakan-sambutan-hari-gawai-dayak-di-kanowit/

http://kamikongsiilmu.blogspot.my/2015/12/budaya-kaum-iban.html

http://www.slideshare.net/JacklynDimah/kaum-iban

TRUE JOURNEY TO RUMAH PANJANG IN SARAWAK

BERKUNJUNG KE RUMAH PANJANG DI SARAWAK

IMAGES OF RUMAH PANJANG

Pictures below are the collection of Rumah Panjang images. There are many types that can be found and also in many different designs. Through this pictures, all of you will know the type of Rumah Panjang that are available in Malaysia.

 

 

There are also some interior design of Rumah Panjang that can be seen through the images below.

 

MODERN RUMAH PANJANG

Rumah Panjang is the residence of ethnic Iban of Sarawak. It is usually built on the waterfront and close to the road. In ancient times and now the construction of long- range tank said there are some changes that have been made in some elsewhere mode of construction. Renovation of Rumah Panjang at the present time there are some parts that are not included in the composition or concept of the actual construction of the longhouse. This is likely due to high construction costs. Others with the construction of modern houses in this long composition or concept longhouses still maintained.

ARRANGEMENT IN RUMAH PANJANG

    Each of society have their own organization of arrangement. The arrangement in the Rumah Panjang is each family is separated according to the social classes. The headman’s room is usually twice as wide as others. The location of the room is usually in the middle of the house. For those which is in upper-class families will have larger group than the other room adjoin it on either side. On the other side, those two ends of the Rumah Panjang are for the lower class. For example, The house of Maren Uma or headman is more conspicuous by the extended and protruded front of the veranda of the room. Plus, it is not allowed and very improper for other social classes of the Rumah Panjang folks to build similar extension to their headman

RUMAH PANJANG ANNAH RAIS

Traditional, short and comfortable

Collage doors in the Annah Rais Village

There are three longhouse structures at Annah Rais, though the original longhouse dates back over a century. We didn’t get a chance to enter any of the longhouses mainly because they are divided into various small apartments as opposed to one main communal living area. Every door along the longhouse represents one family’s private apartment, though they technically all share the same roof.

Though it has long been banned in Sarawak, headhunting was a major part of the longhouse community culture. There are two main reasons why headhunting was practiced. Firstly, it was related to traditional ceremonial funeral rites. In the Iban and Orang Ulu groups, during the mourning period, restrictions were placed on the community’s day to day life until the head was collected from the deceased. Once the head was obtained and ceremonial rituals were done, the mourning period would end and the community could go back to daily life.

FACTORS OF BUILDING RUMAH PANJANG

   Each traditional house has their own factors in building it. There are many factors were taken into consideration when choosing a site to build a longhouse which are due to the access to water , farmland , transportation and jungle resources . Almost more importantly, spiritual matters are also taken into consideration. Before any of the construction made, communities keep a close eye out for signs of bad omens, mainly in the form of birds. Sometimes rituals are performed to scare off the bad omens, but if a bad incident follows a bad omen such as death , attack by enemies and etc, It will often result in the abandonment of the partially constructed longhouse in search for a new site .

BORNEO RUMAH PANJANG STORY

    

Due to the different tribes in Sarawak and Sabah each longhouses have its’ own identity and story. Ethnic tribal groups in Sabah and Sarawak are divided into few categories. They consist of Iban, Murut, Kadazan, Melanau, Penan and Bidayuhs.

Most of the longhouses in Sarawak and Sabah tend to have long names such as Annah Rais. It is one of the popular ones located in Kuching, on the way up to Serian. Anna Rais  alone, is a Bidayuh long house which have been declared as a heritage area that has been around 200 years ago with its preserved natural buildings.

Ibans’ longhouses have different names too. Batang Ai longhouse is one of the most popular ones. In Iban, longhouses are called Rumah Panjai. As for the Penans’, one of the most distinctive longhouses is located in Mulu named Long Iman. If you do happen to travel along the route of Mulu, be sure to try out the lifestyle of longhouse with the Penan people in Mulu for a few days.

 Muruts’ longhouse is another different entity. Located on a very beautiful island and a great place for a holiday escapade, there is a longhouse by the name of Rungus in Sabah. Another one will be Penampang Longhouse that is also worth your time to drop by and have a peek on that piece of beautiful island. Melanaus’ Longhouse located in Miri especially Mukah, Dalat, Oya, Matu-Daro-Rejang, Ba'ie for Bintulu, and Balingian. The Melanau tribes however, they do consider themselves as mostly Malays

FUNCTION OF RUMAH PANJANG

          In general, the length of the house used to shelter some families. However, the long house was not only used as a residence only. Longhouse built high because it serves to avoid the wild animal attacks. High longhouse also contribute to maintaining the safety of the family from the attacks of other tribes in the Dayak community. The long house is also often used for community activities such as meetings or gatherings. Not only the public meetings, the long house also used for religious ceremonies or rites that exist in the Dayak community .Hence, the long house not only private property but also belong to the Dayak community

STRUCTURE OF RUMAH PANJANG

          Once upon a time, Rumah Panjang of West Kalimantan are made of wood. Rumah Panjang of West Kalimantan has a height of 5 to 8 meters. High house hanging from tall poles that sustain the home. Longhouses of Borneo west has a length of about 180 meters and a width of 6 meters. Longhouses have is about 50 rooms. These rooms are generally inhabited by many families, which also included the nuclear family. To get into the long house, family employ the tangka or stairs. Longhouse in West Kalimantan has the shape of a narrow but with extreme lengths. This house consists of only one roo . Longhouse consists of several parts that is a terrace or commonly referred to Pante , a living room which is called by Samik , and a family room . In the living room there is a table called pene which serves as a place to talk or receive guests. Pene-shaped circle and used to put food or drink to welcome guests. The family room is a simple space that has a length of 6 meters and a width of 6 meters. The back of the house long used as a kitchen for the family. Generally, every family has a kitchen each

RUMAH PANJANG DAYAK

          Rumah panjang Dayak is one of the traditional house of West Kalimantan . Longhouse is the hallmark of the Dayak people who live in the area of West Kalimantan . This is because the long house is a picture of the social life of the Dayaks in Kalimantan Barat . The long house is also the center of the life of the Dayak community . Today, the long house in West Kalimantan can be said to be endangered because their numbers are sedikit.Pada 1960, the government destroyed several houses long since suspected embraced communism . Longhouse in West Kalimantan is synonymous with long- existing homes in Central Kalimantan . This is because the geographical location of West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan are very close together . Both are known as betang .

          

INNOVATION OF RUMAH PANJANG IN SARAWAK

             Now, I would like to tell you soe throwback on how the innovation of Rumah Panjang occurs in Sarawak!

       On 9th October 2009, the state government intends to bring value and new style to the longhouses of Sarawak without compromising the unique features of the house panjang. Housing Minister Datuk Amar Abang Johari said the longhouse seminar held to get input from various Iban community leaders, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu. Strata titles for each room will be removed and thus can be used as collateral when applying for loans. Home insurance can also be removed for the safety of home. Usually longhouse has 10 and 20 rooms. Each longhouse has a “ verandah “ of space with room located at the front of the house where most of the activities are held in place . Architects of the Iban will ensure not toeliminate the "Harvest Home" which became the head of the longhouse. Their administrative rights will be maintained. In a traditional Malay village, the village chief to the chief of the village involved, designing a new form it may be the same as the concept of a shop lot with his fifth leg but still maintain the long housing design.

ELEMENT OF RUMAH PANJANG

            Longhouse settlement refers to a common space. All residents share everything in the house long. All residents slept in the same room, for the same work, have the same treatment. There is no concept of personal possession, personal space, rules, and laws. Each occupant can be anywhere in the house long, free to act without restraint, control or punishment of Tourism Promotion Corporation of Malaysia Act 1999.

             Rungus longhouse tradition contains a series of adjoining houses, each of which is owned by certain domestic family separately. According to Appell (1963) a 'house ' in longhouses as a temporary apartment to the Rungus , this house is named ‘sirang’. Sirang is domestic family dwelling. As the concept of modern homes have a certain part of the activities of different work, a ‘sirang’ also has sections, each associated with a particular work activities .

WHAT ARE RUMAH PANJANG MADE OF???

The house has its own specialties and in terms of safety and culture. The house architecture adheres to local traditions of each tribe were not influenced by any outside community. The house is on stilts and hardwood species such as the wood does not rot easily purchase a readily available on the island of Borneo. The roof are made of sago palm leaves like Blue, Pantu, Mulong and thick leaves . Walls are made ''of bark like a stretched or slit and cut bamboo. The floors are made of bamboo, wood or bark. A staircase made ''of logs notched with Beliong and called the notch. The house has a length of 3 tanju room, verandah and rooms . Part of the room and the verandah called Dau besides a place to store grain and utensils .

AREA OF RUMAH PANJANG

            Rumah Panjang usually build at hillside. One of the example is Rungus longhouse called vinatang. This is a proud moment for the Rungus because it reflects the unique characteristics that exist in their nations. This long house, which is typically 300 feet long, usually built on a hill and raised . Under a longhouse space is used to keep animals such as chickens, pigs , and buffalo in addition to functioning as a monument to outside attacks . According to Rutter (1929), In the mountains or the interior of Borneo , the indigenous population of the village is represented by the long house which serves as a monument to protect its residents . The indigenous village is self-sufficient, self-reliant and independent of the outside world.

HISTORY OF RUMAH PANJANG

                In Malaysia, there are many types of traditional houses that were existed. Rumah Panjang is in one of the list of the traditional houses in Malaysia. Not every Malaysians know about the history of Malaysia’s traditional houses. So, know I will expose you to the history of Rumah Panjang.

              Rumah Panjang exists in worldwide including Asia, Europe and also United States. There are several type of Rumah Panjang that is still exist in Europe which is langus Skandinavia/Viking and “taighean dubha” which called Scotland’s Rumah Panjang.

            Rumah Panjang is an Iban’s tradition which consist of a row of family members in each house. This house has its own speciality either in safety or culture. This house speciality contrasts its image compared to other traditional houses.

DEFINE MALAY HOUSES??????

It is difficult to define what the Malay house is. This is due to the meaning of the word "Malay", which is not clear. Legally, Malay is defined as "a person who professes the Muslim religion, speaks the Malay language, confIrms to Malay customs. If a Malay house is a house that is owned or lived in by this person, then this definition does not hold true, because there are many instances when these houses are not lived in or owned by a person so de- fined. Therefore, it is difficult to legally define a Malay house. Malay is also defined as "a member of the people of the Malay peninsular, Eastern Sumatra , and some adjacent islands . By this definition, many ethnic groups such as Achehnese, Batak, Bugis , Kerinci , Minangkabau , Rawa and Mandiling are included . These people have developed their own distinct house types, therefore making it even more difficult to define a so-called Malay house. Maybe it is erroneous to assume a single meaning for the term Malay house. Neverthelesss, this study assumes a definition generally accepted by authors dealing with this subject, both for the sake of simplicity and operational use. From this assumption and based on the different groups of people who had immigrated and settled in the different states in Peninsular Malaysia , the Malay Malay traditional house .

TRADITIONAL HOUSES

          Each state has its own traditional house. There are many type of traditional house which consists of Rumah Panjang, Rumah Minangkabau, Rumah Melaka, Rumah Kampung, Rumah Melayu, Rumah Gajah Menyusu, Rumah Bujang Selasar and others.

             Malay architecture is affected by climate and weather. Hence, the traditional Malay houses are almost always raised on timber stilts or pile to elevate and protect the building from floods and also serve as a source of natural ventilation. It is difficult to define what the Malay house is because there are many idea of creation In building the traditional houses. Traditional houses also use a minimal budget because most of them are just use the nature in building a strong type of house.

Lastly, most of the houses did not use any nail!